Janmashtami

Janmashtami (also known as Krishna Janmashtami, Gokulashtami, or simply Janmashtami) is the annual celebration of the birth of Lord Krishna, the eighth avatar of the god Vishnu.

According to the Hindu lunisolar calendar, it is observed on the eighth day (Ashtami) of the dark fortnight (Krishna Paksha) in the month of Shravana or Bhadra (which typically falls in August or September in the Gregorian calendar).

The Significance and Story

The festival celebrates the earthly appearance of Krishna, who is revered for his teachings, philosophy, and divine play (leela). The stories surrounding his birth are dramatic and symbolic:

• Prophesied Savior: Krishna was born to Devaki and Vasudeva in the prison of the tyrannical King Kamsa of Mathura. A prophecy had foretold that the eighth son of Devaki would be the cause of Kamsa's death.

• Divine Escape: To protect the newborn, a series of divine events unfolded. The prison guards fell into a deep sleep, the chains and doors miraculously opened, and a great rainstorm raged. Vasudeva carried the infant Krishna across the raging Yamuna River to the safety of Gokul, where he was raised by his foster parents, Nanda and Yashoda.

• Symbolism: The story symbolizes the victory of good over evil, the protection of righteousness (dharma), and the power of divine love and devotion.

How is Janmashtami Celebrated?

Celebrations vary by region across India and the world, but they share common themes of devotion, joy, and community.

1. Fasting and Prayer (Vrat)

Many devotees observe a strict or partial fast until midnight, the believed moment of Krishna's birth. Temples and homes resonate with devotional songs (bhajans), prayers, and readings from sacred texts like the Bhagavad Gita and the Bhagavata Purana.

2. Midnight Celebration

The focal point of the festival is midnight. At this exact moment, the birth of Krishna is commemorated with great fervor. Temple bells ring, conch shells are blown, prayers are offered, and the deity of baby Krishna is bathed, clothed in new clothes, and placed in a cradle (jhula). Devotees break their fast by sharing prasad (sanctified food).

3. Dahi Handi (The Pot of Curds)

This is a thrilling and popular event, primarily in Maharashtra and other western states. It re-enacts the mischievous childhood of Krishna, who loved to steal butter and curd with his friends.

• A large clay pot (handi) filled with yogurt, butter, and other treats is hung high in the street.

• A human pyramid is formed by a team of young men (called Govindas) to break the pot.

• The event is highly competitive, with large cash prizes often offered. It symbolizes teamwork, perseverance, and the playful nature of Krishna.

4. Jhulanotsav (The Swing Festival)

In the days leading up to Janmashtami, beautifully decorated swings (jhula) are set up in temples and homes. Idols of baby Krishna and his consort Radha are placed on them and swung gently while devotees sing songs. This represents the joyful and romantic pastimes of Krishna in Vrindavan.

5. Raslila and Cultural Performances

• Raslila is a traditional dance-drama performance that depicts the life and leelas (divine acts) of Krishna, particularly his dances with the gopis (cowherd maidens) of Vrindavan. This is especially prominent in the Braj region (Mathura, Vrindavan, Gokul).

• Children are often dressed up as little Krishna, Radha, or the gopis.

6. Temple Decorations and Feasts

Temples are lavishly decorated with flowers and lights. Elaborate feasts are prepared, featuring Krishna's favorite foods like makhan mishri (butter and sugar), panjiri, kheer (sweet rice pudding), and various milk-based sweets.

Regional Highlights

• Mathura and Vrindavan: These cities, the birthplace and childhood home of Krishna, become the epicenter of celebrations. The festivities here are grand, spanning over a week, with millions of pilgrims visiting the ancient temples.

• Maharashtra and Gujarat: The Dahi Handi event is the major highlight, turning into a massive public spectacle.

• South India: In states like Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh, women draw intricate kolams (rangoli) outside their homes and adorn the entrance with footprints of baby Krishna, symbolizing his entry into their household.

• Manipur: The festival is celebrated with traditional Manipuri dance forms, a unique and beautiful cultural expression.

In essence, Janmashtami is a festival that blends deep spiritual reverence with playful, community-oriented joy, reflecting the multifaceted and beloved character of Lord Krishna himself.